Windows下MySQL解压版安装配置详细步骤

安装数据库

一、下载MySQL数据库解压版并解压

从官网下载MySQL压缩包，解压到本地目录

二、配置环境变量

在系统变量path后面添加MySQL安装路径下的bin目录，例：E:\mysql\bin

三、修改MySQL配置文件

在MySQL安装目录下有一个my-default.ini文件，复制一份，改名为my.ini，修改里面的配置。

原始文件my-default.ini：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysqld]

# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.


# basedir = .....
# datadir = .....
# port = .....
# server_id = .....



# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

修改基础配置

basedir：MySQL安装根路径
datadir：MySQL安装根目录下的data文件夹路径
port：默认端口

例：
修改后文件my.ini：

# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
# *** DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE. It's a template which will be copied to the
# *** default location during install, and will be replaced if you
# *** upgrade to a newer version of MySQL.

[mysql]
 default-character-set=utf8 

[mysqld]
#skip-grant-tables
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M

# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin

# These are commonly set, remove the # and set as required.
basedir = E:\mysql
datadir = E:\mysql\data
port = 3306
# server_id = .....


# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M 

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

四、添加MySQL服务

1.以管理员身份打开命令提示符，进入到MySQL安装路径bin目录。执行命令:mysqld -install将mysql安装到windows的服务。如需移除，执行mysqld --remove移除服务。
2.输入命令：mysqld --initialize ，这一步用于初始化data目录，官方的压缩包解压后并没有data文件夹，运行命令后，自动在根目录下生成data文件夹。

服务启动和维护

一、启动MySQL服务

在命令提示符执行 net start mysql启动MySQL服务；执行net stop mysql停止服务。

二、登录维护MySQL

MySQL默认用户名为root，密码为空。初次安装完成后可以直接进入安装路径的bin目录，执行mysql -u root -p，此时会提示输入密码，直接回车跳过，登录成功。如需设置密码，执行mysqladmin -uroot -p password <新密码>命令，会提示输入旧密码，旧密码为空，直接回车跳过。

新版本的MySQL中，root用户的密码不能为空，在使用前必须设置密码
- 在配置文件my.ini中，[mysqld]后一行加入skip-grant-tables
- 重启MySQL服务
- 执行mysql -u root -p，此时会提示输入密码，直接回车跳过，登录成功
- 选择mysql数据库。执行use mysql;
- 对user表执行更新操作。update user set authentication_string=password("你的密码") where user="root";　
- 刷新MySQL的系统权限相关表。执行flush privileges 。刷新后退出，执行quit，mysql 新设置用户或更改密码后需刷新相关表，否则会出现拒绝访问
- 重新启动MySQL服务